[Giant abscessed urachal cyst in adult. Case report]. / Quiste de uraco gigante abscedado en adulto. Reporte de un caso.

BACKGROUND: during gestation, the urachus represents the connection between the dome of the bladder and the allantoic duct. This infection occurs preferentially in young adults, advocating the haematogenous or lymphatic pathway as possible routes of transmission, while a cord or bladder origin may also occur. Urachal cysts are rare in adult life, and is observed in only about 2% of adults. CLINIC CASE: A 30-year-old male patient with a history of alcoholic hepatitis, diabetes mellitus type 2, chronic malnutrition, increased volume beginning with generalized abdominal pain, abdominal tumor of 20 by 15 cm, mobile, solid, without signs of peritoneal irritation. CT showed the presence of tumor, probably bladder-dependent, and apparently cystic. Exploratory laparotomy was found infected urachal cyst, draining 3,000 cc purulent material. A partial resection of the anterior face, keeping the back by firm adherence to bowel loops was done and is evolving satisfactorily. DISCUSSION: urachal abnormalities are rare, with male / female ratio of 2 / 1. Although urachal abscess is an infection confined to an enclosed space, definitive treatment should not be the simple incision and drainage, because of the possibility of malignant transformation of urachal remnants. The definitive treatment should be considered complete excision of urachal cyst, when the infection is limited. CONCLUSION: the urachus cyst is a rare pathology and is a diferencial diagnosis for acute appendicitis and it is necessary to know this treatment.

antecedentes: durante la gestación, el uraco representa la conexión entre la vejiga y el alantoides. Su infección se manifiesta, principalmente, en adultos jóvenes. La vía hematógena o linfática son las posibles rutas de trasmisión, aunque también puede ocurrir el origen umbilical o de vejiga. El quiste de uraco es raro en adultos y sólo puede observarse en 2%. Caso clínico: paciente masculino de 30 años, con antecedente de hepatopatía alcohólica, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, desnutrición crónica. Inició con aumento del volumen abdominal, dolor abdominal generalizado, tumor abdominal de 20 por 15 cm, móvil, de consistencia sólida, sin signos de irritación peritoneal.La tomografía computada mostró un tumor probablemente dependiente de la vejiga, de aspecto quístico. En la laparotomía exploradora se encontró un quiste de uraco infectado, que drenaba 3,000 cc de material purulento. Se realizó la resección parcial de la cara anterior y se conservó la posterior debido a la adherencia firme a las asas intestinales. La evolución postoperatoria fue satisfactoria. discusión: las alteraciones uracales son raras, con razón hombre:mujer de 2:1. Aunque un absceso uracal representa una infección confinada a un espacio cerrado, su tratamiento definitivo no debe ser la simple incisión y drenaje, debido a la posibilidad de degeneración maligna de los restos uracales. El tratamiento definitivo debe considerar la escisión completa del quiste, y del uraco, cuando la infección esté limitada. Conclusión: el quiste de uraco es una afección poco frecuente, que debe considerarse en el diagnóstico diferencial de apendicitis aguda, y tener en mente su tratamiento definitivo.

Allantoid cyst in the umbilical cord diagnosed with B-flow ultrasound.

Allantiod cysts are true cysts in the umbilical cord. They arise from persistent structures of allantois, and the cysts are filled with urine because of a connection to the urinary bladder. Allantoid cysts are located centrally in the umbilical cord and separate the umbilical cord vessels. B-flow ultrasound is a new technique illustrating blood flow. This method is independent of the insonation angle and therefore superior to Doppler ultrasound visualising long segments of vessels with a winding course. The authors present a case with allantoid cysts diagnosed with B-flow ultrasound.

Allantoic cysts and posterior urethral valves: a case report.

Allantoic cysts are a somewhat rare entity. They are identifiable on antenatal ultrasound examination but are not easily distinguishable from pseudocysts, which are often associated with a poor prognosis. Their etiology remains obscure and obstructive uropathies have been proposed to be one of the underlying mechanisms. We report on a case in which both allantoic cysts and a patent urachus were detected antenatally and turned out to be associated with posterior urethral valves (PUV). The cysts were first seen in the early second trimester, with a full fetal bladder and patent urachus. They disappeared by the 29(th) week. During the subsequent sonographic examinations, the bladder was emptying regularly. The kidneys remained normal throughout the pregnancy. It is hypothesized that the increased pressure within the urinary tract kept the urachus patent, led to the formation of allantoic cysts and, later, to their perforation; this allowed the fetus to empty his bladder and kept him from the usual complications of PUV. This case emphasizes the importance of detection and characterization of umbilical cord cysts on antenatal ultasound examination and suggests that obstructive uropathies should be included in the differential diagnosis of umbilical cord cyst communicating with the fetal bladder.

Umbilical cord cysts in the second and third trimesters: significance and prenatal approach.

OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to determine the prognosis, and the clinical approach, in fetuses with umbilical cord cysts, during the second and third trimesters of gestation, according to our experience and data in the current literature. METHODS: We identified 10 fetuses with umbilical cord cysts that were diagnosed during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy at three referral centers. All underwent detailed ultrasound evaluation at the time of diagnosis and during follow-up. Prenatal karyotype testing was offered to all women. A MEDLINE review of the literature published from 1980 to 2009 was carried out to identify previous studies and case reports of fetuses with umbilical cord cysts. RESULTS: In our series of 10 cases, significant additional abnormalities were observed in two during a detailed sonogram. In one case, trisomy 18 was diagnosed, leading to pregnancy termination, and in the other case a neonate with heart defects and a normal karyotype was born. These results differ from those reported in the literature, in which the association between second- and third-trimester umbilical cord cysts and fetal anomalies ranged from 38 to 100%. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, as in other publications, an association was found between the presence of second- and third-trimester umbilical cord cysts and fetal anomalies. The strong association between second- and third-trimester umbilical cord cysts and aneuploidy in the literature seems to be biased, mainly because of the tendency to report abnormal cases. When these findings are accompanied by additional sonographic abnormalities, the association with aneuploidy is clear and should be an indication for fetal karyotype testing.

Single and multiple umbilical cord cysts in early gestation: two different entities.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of single and multiple umbilical cord cysts in the first trimester and to assess whether there is a difference in the pregnancy outcome between them. METHODS: A targeted sonographic morphological and morphometric evaluation of the umbilical cord was performed in consecutive patients between 7 and 14 weeks of gestation. Crown-rump length and umbilical cord diameter were measured in all cases. Nuchal translucency thickness was measured between 11 and 14 weeks' gestation. In pregnancies at very early gestational ages (7-10 weeks) an additional scan was performed between 11 and 14 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 1159 patients was screened. The prevalence of umbilical cord cysts was 2.1% (24/1159). The cysts were single and multiple in 18 and six cases, respectively. The median (range) largest umbilical cord cyst diameter was no different between multiple and single umbilical cord cysts (3.8 (2.1-18) mm vs. 3.05 (2.0-7.8) mm; P = 0.386). All women with a single umbilical cord cyst delivered an infant without structural abnormalities and without features suggestive of chromosomal abnormalities. Among the women with multiple umbilical cord cysts, four had a missed miscarriage and one had a fetus with obstructive uropathy. CONCLUSION: Single and multiple umbilical cord cysts in the first trimester of gestation represent two different entities. While single cysts in the first trimester are associated with a favorable pregnancy outcome, the presence of multiple umbilical cord cysts is associated with an increased risk of miscarriage and aneuploidy.

[Infected urachal cyst in an adult - a case report and review of literature]. / Die infizierte Urachuszyste des Erwachsenen - Eine Fallvorstellung und Literaturübersicht -

Infected urachal cysts are a rare clinical manifestation in adults. We present the case of a female patient with an infected urachal cyst, discuss the embryology, clinical presentation, diagnostics and the therapeutic procedure and make a comparison with the literature.